GOVERNANCE AND REGULATION IN AI

The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) has recently come into force, marking a significant milestone as the world's first comprehensive legislation on artificial intelligence. This new law aims to regulate the development and use of AI within the EU, ensuring that AI systems respect fundamental rights and are safe and lawful.

Key aspects of the AI Act include:

1. Risk-based approach: The Act categorizes AI systems into different risk levels, from unacceptable risks that are banned outright to high-risk systems that require strict compliance with specific rules.

2. Transparency and human oversight: The Act mandates transparency in AI systems, requiring clear explanations of how they work and ensuring that humans are involved in decision-making processes.

3. Prohibitions: The Act bans certain uses of AI, such as social scoring systems, emotion recognition in schools and workplaces, and AI systems that manipulate human behavior.

4. Governance and enforcement: The Act establishes a governance structure at the European and national levels and sets fines for non-compliance, ranging from 35 million euros or 7% of global turnover to 7.5 million euros or 1.5% of turnover, depending on the infringement and size of the company.

5. Support for innovation: The Act aims to support the development of trustworthy AI and provides incentives for innovation, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises and startups.

The EU AI Act has been seen as setting a global standard for AI regulation and is expected to influence other countries' approaches to AI regulation. The Act's provisions will be phased in over the next few years, with some rules becoming applicable immediately and others taking effect later to allow for a smooth transition.

After the EU's AI Act was passed, other countries and regions have been looking at how to regulate AI, often using the EU's approach as a benchmark. Here are some examples of what other countries are doing:

1. United States: The U.S. has taken a more fragmented approach to AI regulation, with different states implementing their own regulations. For example, California has introduced the California Consumer Privacy Act, which includes provisions for data protection in AI systems. The Biden administration has also released an AI Bill of Rights, which outlines principles for the responsible use of AI.

2. China: China has introduced interim measures for managing generative AI, which applies to text, pictures, audio, video, and other content generated for people inside China. The measures aim to ensure the safety and compliance of AI systems.

3. Canada: Canada is working on a new AI and Data Act, which will regulate the development and deployment of AI systems. The act will focus on transparency, accountability, and the protection of personal information.

4. Japan: Japan is considering introducing AI regulations that would require companies to disclose information about their AI systems, including the data used to train them and the algorithms they employ.

5. Australia: The Australian government has released a discussion paper on AI regulation, which proposes a risk-based approach to regulating AI. The paper suggests that AI systems should be classified according to the level of risk they pose, with higher-risk systems subject to stricter regulations.

6. Brazil: Brazil is working on a new AI regulation, which will focus on transparency, non-discrimination, and the protection of personal data. The regulation will apply to both public and private entities.

7. India is actively working on its AI regulations, aiming to strike a balance between promoting AI innovation and ensuring safety and ethical considerations. The Indian government is developing an AI regulation framework set to be released by mid-2024. This framework is expected to address potential risks and harms associated with AI while harnessing its potential for economic growth, particularly in sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and language translation.

The government has recognized the importance of transparency and user awareness in AI deployment. Intermediaries and platforms are now required to label under-tested or unreliable AI models to ensure users are informed about potential fallibility in generated outputs. This approach is aimed at enhancing trust in AI-driven platforms and promoting responsible use of AI.

Furthermore, the government has emphasized the need for AI to not propagate unlawful content or perpetuate bias or discrimination, especially in the context of elections. Intermediaries are advised to implement consent mechanisms to inform users about the reliability of AI-generated outputs, promoting transparency and user empowerment.

In terms of international collaboration, India is actively participating in global discussions on AI regulation. As the Lead Chair of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), India is hosting GPAI member countries and experts to advance GPAI’s commitment to safe, secure, and trustworthy AI.

Overall, India's approach to AI regulation is evolving, with a focus on transparency, user awareness, and the responsible deployment of AI technology. The government is actively engaging with stakeholders and international partners to shape its AI regulatory framework, reflecting India's commitment to harnessing the potential of AI while mitigating its risks.

Many countries, including India, are taking steps to regulate AI, often using the EU's AI Act as a model. The focus is on ensuring transparency, accountability, and the protection of personal information in AI systems.

Here are the links for the AI regulations mentioned in the provided context:

1. **European Union's AI Act**:

   - [European Parliament: EU AI Act](https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20230607STO92531/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence)

2. **California's SB 1047**:

   - [California Legislative Information: SB 1047](https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047)

3. **U.S. Congress' AI Bills**:

   - [Congress.gov: AI Bills](https://www.congress.gov/search?q=%7B%22source%22%3A%22legislation%22%2C%22search%22%3A%22artificial+intelligence%22%7D)

4. **Brazil's AI Regulation Bill**:

   - [Brazilian Government: AI Regulation Bill](https://www.gov.br/casa-civil/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2023/marco/governo-envia-proposta-de-lei-que-regula-o-uso-da-inteligencia-artificial)

5. **Russia's Draft Law on AI**:

   - [Russian Government: Draft Law on AI](https://government.ru/news/47212/)

6. **India's New AI Regulation**:

   - [Indian Government: AI Regulation](https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1841412)

7. **China's Interim Measures for Managing Generative AI**:

   - [Chinese Government: Interim Measures for Managing Generative AI](https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202308/t20230811_2124240.html)